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An proxy or proxy server is software that acts as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without the proxy, a user would send a request for resources directly to a server, and it would serve the resource directly towards the customer. Although this method is easy to comprehend and implement, however, adding proxy servers can bring advantages like increased efficiency as well as privacy, security and more. As an additional layer of passing through, the proxy acts as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the bundled system of server hardware that is paired with installed proxy software is commonly called a proxy server. This article will focus on the proxies that are usually described as software as well as in relation to web servers. There will be a discussion of the two major kinds of proxies. One being one that is a forward proxy and the reverse. reverse proxy. Each type has its own application and is often confused due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxies and subtypes are, as well as their value for common setups. If you've read in this post, you'll be able to recognize situations where the use of proxies is advantageous and choose the best choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy, based on the circumstances.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known as an open proxy serves as the representative of a user who would like to make an internet-based request to an the server that made it. In this scenario, all attempts to send requests from the client's end will instead be routed to the forward proxy. Forward proxy in lieu of the client will examine the request. It will first determine if this client is authorized to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then deny any request or forward it to its origin server. The client is not able to have direct access to the internet; it can only reach what the forward proxy allows it to access.




The most popular reason for using forward proxy servers is increased privacy or anonymity when surfing the web. Forward proxy's access to the internet as clients, and as such it can use an IP address different from the IP address of the client.




Based on the way it's set up, the forward proxy can provide a variety of functions in addition to the ability to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your area.




Forward proxies can also be employed in systems that offer central security and access to users based on permissions, for instance in workplaces. When all internet traffic flows through a forward proxy and administrators are in a position to grant only specific clients access to the internet through a single firewall. Instead of having firewalls in place to protect the client layer which may include multiple computers with varying settings and environment, a firewall can be installed in an forward proxy layer.




It is important to remember to set forward proxy preferences have to be manually setup to allow the use of these proxy servers in order to be used, while reverse proxy settings are not able to be noticed by the user. Depending on whether an IP address belonging to the user is transmitted to the origin server via forward proxy, the privacy and security can be granted or not.




There are many options to think about when it comes to forward proxy alternatives:




Apache A well-known open source web server with forward proxy features.


Nginx Another well-known open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy functions.


Squid: A free forward proxy that runs on it's HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server system. You can refer to our article on the most efficient way to configure Squid proxy to handle connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it better suited to scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to learn how to set up Dante proxy to allow secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to web servers, and is able to handle requests from customers for the web server. The web server can serve as a one server or as a series of servers. It could also serve as an application server such as Gunicorn. In all cases, the request for an application comes by a user on the internet at large. Most of the time, the request will directly go to the server that hosts the content that the client is trying to find. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to isolate your web server from contact via the web's public.




From a consumer's point the consumer's perspective, working with reverse proxy isn't different from interacting with the web server directly. It is functionally identical, but the user can't discern the difference. Client requests an item and gets it without any extra configuration required for the end user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The server for the web is secure centrally.


Sending traffic to be directed in accordance with the rules you have set.


Added functionality for caching.




While centralized security can be a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this function only for only the server layer but not the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls for Web server layers that may contain multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of firewall security is directed towards the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interfacing with firewalls and responding to requests from clients off web servers lets them concentrate on serving the resources.




In the case of multiple servers existing with a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy will be also accountable for deciding what requests are directed to the server. There may be several web servers running within the server all serving various kinds of resources, or a mix of both. These servers could use the HTTP protocol, which is similar to a traditional web server. They may also use application server protocols like FastCGI. You can also set up a reverse proxy to route the clients towards specific servers in accordance with the service requested or to follow certain traffic load rules.




Reverse proxies can also make use of their location over web servers by making use of caching. The large static files can be configured using caching rules to prevent the web server from being hit with each request. Some solutions even allowing users to upload static files in a direct manner without linking to the web server in any way. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server has become a wildly popular reverse proxy solution. However, the Apache web server also comes with the reverse proxy option as an additional function that is available to Apache however Nginx was designed initially for and specifically designed for the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" along with "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality and also inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic. These terms can be confusing as both types of proxies can be used to respond to requests and responses. A different method of distinguishing between reverse and forward proxy servers would be to look at the requirements of the application that you're developing.




Reverse proxy is an effective tool to use when developing a solution to serve applications that are on the web. They represent your web servers when you interact with the Internet.




Forward proxy can be useful to use if you're working with clients in front for personal use or in a work environment. They are a representation of your traffic when you are on the internet.




A distinction that is based on the use cases instead of focusing on the common name conventions can aid you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained what a proxy is as well as two types of them: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of its use as well as a discussion of most useful features were used to differentiate forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're looking to learn how to implement proxies we suggest that you read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy on Apache on and Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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