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It's proxy or proxy server. proxy or proxy server. It is a software program for servers that acts as an intermediary between clients and servers on the internet. In the absence of an intermediary a user would be able to make a request for every resource straight to the server, and the server will serve any requested resources directly to customer. While this procedure is easy to understand and apply using proxy servers, it could provide advantages in the form of greater performance as well as privacy, security and more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy serves as a guardian of the internet between the servers and clients.




In general, the combination of server hardware as well as software used to set up proxy installations is often referred by the name proxy servers. In this article, we'll focus on proxies typically understood as software, as well as those that are used together with web servers. We will provide a description of the two major types of proxies: forward proxy and a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own use case, and is often misunderstood due to the naming conventions that are similar.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxy servers and their subtypes are, as well as what they can accomplish for most common configurations. Through this article, you will be able to determine the scenarios where an effective proxy is advantageous, and then choose the correct solution in between reverse and forward proxy to suit your needs in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Also a forward proxy also known as an open proxy is the client's representative that is trying to send requests via the internet to an origin server. In this case, the entire request to send it from the client will instead be made by the forward-proxy. In this situation, the forward proxy acting in the place of the client will examine the request. First, it will determine which client has the authority to make requests via this particular forward proxy. It then will reject the request and forward it to the server originally. The client is not able to establish a direct connection to the internet; it is only able to access what forward proxy grants it access to.




One of the most frequent applications for forward proxy servers is greater privacy or anonymity online. Forward proxy can be used to access the internet in instead of a client and, in doing so, can use an alternative IP address to the IP address that was originally assigned to the client.




Based on the way it was established in the past forward proxy servers are able to offer a range of services and allow you to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic location.




Forward proxies are also employed for security systems that are centralized and allow access based on permissions, such as in the workplace. When all internet traffic goes through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator is able to grant access only to specific people to connect on the internet, and this is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer, which may comprise a variety of machines that have different user and environmental settings the firewall could be placed on an forward proxy layer.




Take note of the fact that forward proxy servers must be manually set up in order to be used however reverse proxies will be ignored to the user. Based on whether or not the IP address of a client is transmitted to the origin server via this forward proxy, security and anonymity can be granted, or not noticed.




There are many options to consider to find forward-looking proxy services:




Apache is a well-known open source web server, that offers forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy which utilizes the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide the entire web server. We have a tutorial on how you can configure Squid proxy so that it allows private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP, making it more suitable for situations like peer-to-peer connections. You can also look at how to create a Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is an agent for a web server that handles the incoming requests of clients on behalf of. This web server may comprise one server or even multiple servers. It can also function in the role of an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations a request could come from a client on the internet. The majority of the time it will be routed directly to the server hosting the information the user requires. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, which separates Web servers from direct communication with the open internet.




From a user's perspective, which is the user's perspective connecting to reverse proxy isn't that different from connecting directly to your webserver. It's exactly the same, but clients can't tell the difference. The client requests an item and is given it with no additional configurations that need to be done by the customer.




Reverse proxy proxies can provide options, such as:




A central layer of security that protects the server.


Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules that you can set up.


A new feature to cache has been added.




While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy services, reverse proxies give this service to this level of an internet server not clients. instead of maintaining firewalls in the layer of web servers that may contain multiple servers with different configurations, a majority of firewall security could be focused on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, removing the obligation of interfacing with a firewall and also interacting with clients' requests through web servers enables them to concentrate solely on meeting the requirements of their clients.




If multiple servers are using reverse proxy the reverse proxy determines the method of routing requests to which server. A number of web servers could be providing the same content but they may offer different kinds of content or a mix of them. These servers may use the HTTP protocol similar to a traditional web server, but they might also use applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy in order to direct clients to specific servers in accordance with the requested resource or to follow certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can benefit from their positioning before web servers, by offering the ability to cache data. Large static files can be configured using caching rules to prevent the server from getting hit every time a request is made and some solutions even offer the possibility of providing static files directly, without involving the servers in any manner. In addition the reverse proxy can be able to handle compressing these files.




The popular Nginx web server has become a wildly popular reverse proxy solution. While the Apache website server also equipped with reverse proxy feature and is an alternative choice for Apache as opposed to Nginx was initially designed for and was designed specifically for reverse proxy functions.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" along with "reverse" are both associated with the notion of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. These labels can be confusing since both types of proxies handle both responses and requests. Instead, a better way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy services is to consider the needs of the app you're creating.




Reverse proxy can be useful in the design of solutions that serve web-based applications via the internet. They act as your servers throughout all interactions on the web.




A forward proxy is helpful when it is placed on the internet in front of traffic from clients for your personal use or in a workplace environment. They represent your client traffic whenever you interact on the internet.




Differentiating by case of use as opposed to focusing only on similar naming conventions will assist in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains the definition of a proxy, with the two main types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Application scenarios that are practical and a review of useful characteristics were used to establish forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about how to implement proxy services, you can refer to our guide on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy on Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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