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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

The machine espresso makes use of precision pressure, and a filter technology that is awe-inspiring to make the coffee you enjoy. How exactly does it work?

Espresso is made by forcing hot water under high pressure through finely-ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee however the main difference lies in the pressure.

The Group Head

As the name implies the group head is where you place your portafilter when brewing espresso. It disperses the water into the portafilter and regulates the pressure of extraction. There are many different types of group heads, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some are designed for the stability of temperature while some are specifically designed to handle pre-infusion. Some are designed to control the lever. Some contain a variety of features, such as the E61, which is to be the most popular among baristas due to its capacity to offer multiple perks in a single package.

As you can see in the picture above the head of the group is fitted with several notches. You place your portafilter into these notches and twist the head to lock it. There is also a rubber gasket which is located inside the notches to help create an airtight seal after inserting your portafilter into the machine. The notches permit precise placement of your portafilter. This is essential for a consistent extraction.

Aside from allowing you to easily connect your portafilter, the group head is responsible to maintain an even temperature. It does this by cycling hot water through the brew basket, and home espresso machine around the portafilter, ensuring that it is always at the right temperature to extract. This is crucial, since even a small difference in temperature can make the difference between a excellent and great espresso machine coffee.

The Pump

The motorized pumps used in rotary espresso machines provide the nine atmospheric bar pressure needed to extract espresso. This differs from manually operated piston machines that employ levers. The pressure is built by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps tend to be less expensive and last for longer than piston-driven machines. However, both types of machines can deteriorate due to excessive use and poor cleaning. They also increase the complexity of mechanical systems, which can result in an expensive price for even the most basic models.

Certain espresso machines utilize steam pressure instead of a pump to make espresso. The disadvantage of this is that the same boiler that produces steam also raises the temperature of the water to the point of boiling and can result in over-extraction. Additionally these machines are often required to restore their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

A majority of espresso machines use a vibration or rotary pump, with a vibration model using a rotating disc to create pressure and a rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds at high speed. Both types of machines are capable of producing excellent espresso, but the rotary models are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the element that heats water to an ideal temperature to extract. The steam that is created gets to the portafilter which contains the espresso coffee grounds. It is then funneled into the cup. During this process the steam is able to create enough pressure to push the grounds of the coffee through. This produces a layer of crema on top. This is one of the hallmarks of a great home espresso machine (sneak a peek here).

There are three types of espresso makers, and they differ in the type of pump they employ and the degree of heat that the espresso is. There are different ways that the brew may be controlled, as well as the size of the cup that the machine is capable of making.

The first espresso coffee machine machines were steam types. The earliest espresso machines were steam types. This led to the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. This is why Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni developed the modern espresso machine.

The most well-known espresso maker is a semi-automatic machine that has an electric pump. When people think of professional espresso machine machines, they picture these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans yourself, but the pump regulates the flow of water and pressure. This is a perfect combination of human control and mechanised consistency.

The Filter

Typically, espresso machines employ filters to separate the grounds of coffee when they pass through the hot water. The filter is also an essential element of the machine's temperature control, since it helps to prevent overheating.

It also enhances flavor, since a filter lets you enjoy a longer bloom phase. This helps the beans release their flavors and provides an opportunity to improve extraction.

However it is crucial to keep in mind that even a top filter can result in a poor cup of coffee, since the quality of the beans and extraction is crucial.

It's here that the magic occurs. This is what makes espresso taste so delicious. The grouphead, also referred to as the brew head, is where the portafilter (the thingy you put the coffee ground into) is placed when making espresso.

In a steam-driven espresso machine hot water is heated in an airtight tank to create steam. This then pushes the hot water through the grounds under high pressure. They are less expensive and easier for the owner to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited in their ability to create the ideal conditions for brewing, as they operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air-pump-driven espresso machines have become more popular. They use an air compressor to force hot water through the grounds and are much more portable than steam-driven electric machines.